A fracture is a broken bone, which can range from a small crack to a complete break. Fractures can result from trauma, osteoporosis, or overuse and cause significant pain and discomfort.
Types of Fractures
Fractures vary in severity:
- Stable Fracture: The bone ends are aligned.
- Open (Compound) Fracture: The bone pierces the skin.
- Transverse Fracture: A horizontal break.
- Oblique Fracture: An angled break.
- Comminuted Fracture: The bone shatters into pieces.
Causes of Fractures
Fractures can occur due to:
- Trauma: Falls, accidents, or sports injuries.
- Osteoporosis: Weakened bones, especially in older adults.
- Overuse: Repetitive motions leading to stress fractures.
Symptoms of Fractures
Symptoms include pain, swelling, bruising, deformity, and in open fractures, bone protruding through the skin.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Doctors diagnose fractures with physical exams and X-rays. Treatment includes:
- Cast Immobilization: For most fractures.
- Functional Cast/Brace: Allows some movement.
- Traction: Aligns bones with gentle pulling.
- External Fixation: Stabilizes with metal pins and bars.
- Surgery: Aligns and secures the bone with screws/plates.
Recovery and Prevention
Fractures heal over weeks to months. During recovery, physical therapy helps restore strength and flexibility. Prevent fractures by maintaining a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D and engaging in weight-bearing exercises.
Reference:
Fractures (Broken Bones), available at: https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/fractures-broken-bones/, last accessed on 18th December 2024.