Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily affects the lungs, TB can also impact other parts of the body, including the kidneys, spine, and brain. Not everyone infected with TB bacteria becomes ill; the disease manifests in two primary forms: latent TB infection and TB disease.
Latent TB Infection
In latent TB infection, the bacteria remain dormant within the body. Individuals do not exhibit symptoms and are not contagious. However, without proper treatment, latent TB can progress to active TB disease.
TB Disease
When the immune system cannot control the dormant bacteria, they become active, leading to TB disease. This form is contagious and presents symptoms such as cough, fever, and weight loss. TB disease can occur in various parts of the body, including:
- Pulmonary TB: Affects the lungs and is the most common form.
- Extrapulmonary TB: Affects areas outside the lungs, such as the kidneys, spine, or brain.
Drug-Resistant TB
Some TB bacteria develop resistance to standard medications, resulting in drug-resistant TB. This form requires specialized treatment and is more challenging to manage.
Conclusion
Understanding the different types of TB is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment. If you suspect you have TB or have been exposed to someone with the disease, consult a healthcare professional promptly.
References:
- Clinical Overview of Latent Tuberculosis Infection, available at: https://www.cdc.gov/tb/hcp/clinical-overview/latent-tuberculosis-infection.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com, last accessed on 18th December 2024.
- Clinical Overview of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Disease, available at: https://www.cdc.gov/tb/hcp/clinical-overview/drug-resistant-tuberculosis-disease.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com, last accessed on 18th December 2024.