Diabetic eye disease is a group of eye problems caused by diabetes, including:
- Diabetic Retinopathy: Damage to blood vessels in the retina.
- Diabetic Macular Edema: Swelling in the macula, the part of the retina needed for sharp vision.
- Glaucoma: Damage to the optic nerve, leading to vision loss.
- Cataracts: Cloudy lenses in the eyes.
These conditions can cause vision loss or blindness, but managing diabetes can help prevent or slow their progression.
How Diabetes Affects Your Eyes
High blood sugar can damage tiny blood vessels in the eyes, leading to leaks, swelling, or the growth of abnormal blood vessels. This damage often starts without symptoms, so regular eye exams are crucial.
Symptoms of Diabetic Eye Disease
- Blurry or wavy vision
- Spots or floaters
- Vision changes (day-to-day fluctuations)
- Vision loss or dark areas
- Poor color vision
Seek immediate care for flashes of light, a sudden increase in floaters, or a “curtain” blocking your vision—these could indicate a detached retina.
How to Protect Your Vision
- Control Diabetes ABCs:
- A1c: Keep blood sugar in check.
- Blood Pressure: Maintain healthy levels.
- Cholesterol: Manage it effectively.
- Quit Smoking: Smoking increases the risk of eye complications.
- Get Regular Eye Exams: Have a dilated eye exam yearly or as recommended.
Treatment Options
- Medication: Anti-VEGF injections to stop abnormal blood vessel growth and leaks.
- Laser Treatment: Targets damaged areas to prevent further vision loss.
- Vitrectomy: Surgery to remove scar tissue or blood in the eye.
- Cataract Surgery: Replaces cloudy lenses with artificial ones.
If You Already Have Vision Loss
Low vision specialists can help you adapt using tools and techniques to make the most of your remaining vision, ensuring you stay active and independent.
Take Action Today
Managing your diabetes and attending regular eye exams can safeguard your vision for the future. Even if challenges arise, it’s never too late to take steps to protect your eyes.
Reference:
Diabetic Eye Disease, available at: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/diabetic-eye-disease, last accessed on 18th December 2024.